Update ubuntu.sh to install latest version of NodeJS

[poojasonawane27]

Description of changes:
Install latest NodeJS, current code installs installs v12.22.9 which is not recommended to use.
Node recommends to use Node.js 14.17 and later. Ref: https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-5-1.html#es2020-and-nodejs-1417-as-minimum-runtime-requirements

Commands taken from https://deb.nodesource.com/

Testing
Built the ubuntu docker image with these changes and verified the latest node version is installed

% docker run -it cc3a535a3f4dc5c44405d4b1cc0b1f97880c35abebdbcc1660ca7cdac3d3dd36 sh       
# npm -v
10.7.0
# node -v
v20.15.1
# npx -v
10.7.0

Executed a sample typescript task which was failing with previous version

import * as assert from 'assert';

const processArray = function(array: number[], startIndex?: number): number[] {
    const result: number[] = [];
    for (let i = startIndex ?? 0; i < array.length; i++) {
        result.push(array[i] * 2); 
    }
    return result;
};

// Test cases
let actual_1 = processArray([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
let expected_1 = [6, 8]; 
assert.deepEqual(actual_1, expected_1, "Exception --- test case 1 failed to pass");

let actual_2 = processArray([1, 2, 3, 4]);
let expected_2 = [2, 4, 6, 8]; 
assert.deepEqual(actual_2, expected_2, "Exception --- test case 2 failed to pass");

console.log("All test cases passed.");

Results:

# npx tsc test3 --target es5 --lib es2016
# node test3.js
All test cases passed.

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that you can use, modify, copy, and redistribute this contribution, under the terms of your choice.

[sk-g]

@poojasonawane27 Thanks for your contribution! Could you please add an evaluation of the canonical solution file to show the evaluation changes one can expect after the nodejs version upgrade?