Add Python 3.14 support, raise minimum to 3.10

[oligirling]

Summary

• Update Dockerfile to python:3.14-alpine base image
• Bump package version from 1.0.4 to 1.1.0
• Set python_requires>=3.10 and add version classifiers (3.10-3.14)
• Fix author_name -> author (correct setuptools field)
• Fix unclosed file handle in setup.py (use context manager)
• Modernize class syntax (remove redundant object inheritance)
• Update CI matrix to test Python 3.10, 3.12, 3.14
• Update GitHub Actions to checkout@v4 and setup-python@v5
• Update README prerequisites
• Add CHANGELOG.md

Test plan

• All 36 tests pass on Python 3.14.3
• 100% code coverage maintained
• Verify CI passes on all matrix versions (3.10, 3.12, 3.14)
• Verify package installs correctly via pip install .

🤖 Generated with Claude Code